Pali mitundu yambiri ya tiyi zadothi zadothi, zazikuluzikulu ndi izi: tiyi wa celadon, tiyi woyera wadothi, tiyi wakuda wadothi ndi zoumba zamitundumitundu. Zida za tiyi izi zakhala ndi tsamba laulemerero m'mbiri ya chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha tiyi cha China.
Celadon tea set
Tiyi ya Celadon yokhala ndi xxx yapamwamba yopangidwa ku Zhejiang. Kale kwambiri mu Mzera wa Mzera wa Han Kum'mawa, kupanga celadon yokhala ndi utoto wowoneka bwino komanso kuwala kowoneka bwino kunayamba. Yue kiln, Wu kiln ndi Ou kiln ku Zhejiang mu Jin Dynasty afika pamlingo waukulu. M’nthawi ya Song Dynasty, monga imodzi mwa ng’anjo zisanu zotchuka panthaŵiyo, tiyi ya celadon yopangidwa ndi Zhejiang Longquan Ge Kiln inafika pachimake ndipo inatumizidwa kudziko lonse lapansi. M'nthawi ya Ming, tiyi wa celadon anali wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osakhwima, mawonekedwe ake olemekezeka, obiriwira obiriwira, komanso mawonekedwe ake okongola. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1500, celadon ya Longquan inatumizidwa ku France, zomwe zinachititsa chidwi m'dziko lonse la France, ndipo anthu anaziyerekeza ndi mwinjiro wokongola wobiriwira wa heroine Xue Latong mu sewero lodziwika bwino la "Shepherdess" lomwe linali lotchuka ku Ulaya panthawiyo, ndipo amatchedwa Longquan celadon "Xue Laton" ngati chuma chosowa. Masiku ano, tiyi wa Zhejiang Longquan celadon ali ndi zatsopano, ndipo zatsopano zikutulukabe. Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zambiri za tiyi za porcelain, tiyiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira tiyi wobiriwira chifukwa cha mtundu wake wobiriwira, womwe umapindulitsa kwambiri kukongola kwa supu. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito popangira tiyi wakuda, tiyi woyera, tiyi wachikasu, ndi tiyi wakuda ndikosavuta kuti msuzi wa tiyi utaya mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi osakwanira.
White porcelain tea set
Tiyi woyera wa porcelain ali ndi mawonekedwe a billet wandiweyani komanso wowonekera, wonyezimira kwambiri komanso wadothi, osayamwa madzi, mawu omveka bwino komanso nyimbo zazitali. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake woyera, imatha kuwonetsa mtundu wa supu ya tiyi, kutengera kutentha pang'ono komanso kuteteza kutentha, kuphatikiza mitundu yowoneka bwino komanso yosiyana, yomwe imatha kutchedwa chuma m'ziwiya zakumwa tiyi. Kale mu Mzera wa Tang, ziwiya zadothi zoyera zopangidwa ndi Xingyao m'chigawo cha Hebei "zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse ndi olemekezeka ndi olemekezeka padziko lonse lapansi." Bai Juyi wa mu Mzera wa Tang analembanso ndakatulo zotamanda mbale zoyera za tiyi zopangidwa ku Dayi, Sichuan. Mu Mzera wa Yuan, tiyi woyera wa porcelain ku Jingdezhen, m'chigawo cha Jiangxi adatumizidwa kunja. Masiku ano, tiyi woyera wa porcelain akukonzedwanso kwambiri. Tiyi wonyezimira woyera ndi woyenera kupangira tiyi wamitundu yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, tiyi yoyera ya porcelain imakhala yowoneka bwino komanso yokongoletsedwa bwino, ndipo khoma lake lakunja limapakidwa utoto ndi mapiri ndi mitsinje, maluwa ndi zomera zam'nyengo, mbalame ndi nyama, nkhani zamakhalidwe, kapena zokongoletsedwa ndi zilembo zodziwika bwino, ndipo zimakhala ndi luso loyamikiridwa kwambiri, choncho ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Tiyi yakuda ya porcelain
Ma seti a tiyi wakuda wakuda, adayamba kumapeto kwa Mzera wa Tang, adakula mu Nyimbo, adapitilira mu Yuan, ndipo adatsika m'mibadwo ya Ming ndi Qing, chifukwa kuyambira chiyambi cha Nyimbo xxx, njira yomwa tiyi.
Zasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku njira ya Sencha mu Mzera wa Tang kupita ku njira yoyitanitsa tiyi, ndipo tiyi yomenyera nkhondo yotchuka munyimbo yanyimbo yanyimbo yapanga mikhalidwe yokweza tiyi wakuda wadothi.
Anthu a Song adayeza zotsatira za kumenyana ndi tiyi, adayang'ana mtundu ndi kufanana kwa supu ya tiyi, ndikuyika "zoyera zoyera" poyamba; Chachiwiri, yang'anani kukhalapo kapena kusakhalapo kwa zizindikiro za madzi pamtunda wa duwa la supu ndi nyali ya tiyi ndipo posakhalitsa zimawonekera, popanda "zizindikiro za madzi pa nyali" monga pamwamba. Cai Xiang, yemwe anali nthumwi yachitatu panthawiyo, adanena momveka bwino mu "Tea Record" yake:
"Ndizosangalatsa kuona kuti nkhope yake ndi yoyera kwambiri ndipo ilibe zizindikiro za madzi; Pomanga mayesero ankhondo, woyamba wokhala ndi chizindikiro cha madzi ndi wolephera, ndipo wokhalitsa amapambana.
Monga momwe nyimbo ya Dynasty Zhu Mu inanenera mu "Fang Yu Shengyan", "Brown ndi yoyera, mu nyali yakuda, zizindikiro zake ndizosavuta kutsimikizira". Chifukwa chake, nyali ya tiyi yakuda yamtundu wa Song Dynasty idakhala mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya tiyi yadothi. Fujian Jianyao, Jiangxi Jizhou Kiln, Shanxi Yuci Kiln, etc., onse amatulutsa tiyi wakuda wakuda wochuluka kwambiri, kukhala malo opangira tiyi wakuda wa porcelain. Pakati pa ng'anjo za tiyi wakuda wakuda, "Jianzhen" yopangidwa ndi Jianyao ndiyo yotamandidwa kwambiri. "Tea Record" ya Cai Xiang adati:
"Mlengi wa Jian'an ... Chofunika kwambiri. Omwe amachokera kwina, oonda kapena ofiirira, sali abwino monganso. "Mpangidwe wapadera umapangitsa kuti glaze iwoneke mikwingwirima ya kalulu, mawanga a nkhono, ndi madontho a dzuwa panthawi yowotcha, pamene msuzi wa tiyi uli mu nyali;
Imatha kuwonetsa kuwala kokongola, zomwe zimawonjezera chidwi cholimbana ndi tiyi. Kumayambiriro kwa Ming Dynasty, chifukwa njira "yophika" inali yosiyana ndi ya Ufumu wa Nyimbo, nyali zakuda zomanga zadothi "zinkawoneka ngati zosayenera", monga "kukonzekera imodzi".
Mtundu wa tiyi wa porcelain
Pali mitundu yambiri ya tiyi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe tiyi ya buluu ndi yoyera ya porcelain ndiyomwe imapangitsa chidwi kwambiri. Buluu ndi woyera zadothi tiyi seti, kwenikweni, amatanthauza ntchito cobalt okusayidi monga wothandizila utoto, mwachindunji kusonyeza chitsanzo pa tayala zadothi, ndiyeno ❖ kuyanika wosanjikiza wa glaze mandala, ndiyeno kuchepetsa ndi kuwombera pa kutentha kwambiri pafupifupi 1300 ° C mu ng'anjo.
Komabe, kumvetsetsa kwa "buluu" mu mtundu wa "maluwa a buluu" kumasiyananso ndi nthawi zakale ndi zamakono. Anthu akale pamodzi amatchula zakuda, buluu, buluu, zobiriwira ndi mitundu ina monga "wobiriwira", kotero tanthauzo la "maluwa a buluu" ndilokulirapo kuposa la anthu amasiku ano. Amadziwika ndi:
Chitsanzo cha buluu ndi choyera chimasonyezana, chomwe chimakondweretsa diso; Mitundu yake ndi yokongola komanso yokongola, ndipo pali mtundu wonyezimira
Mphamvu ya kukongola. Kuonjezera apo, glaze pamtundu wamtundu umawoneka wonyowa komanso wowala, womwe umawonjezera kukongola kwa tiyi wabuluu ndi woyera.
Sizinafike mpaka pakati ndi mochedwa Yuan Dynasty pomwe tiyi wabuluu ndi woyera adayamba kupangidwa m'magulu, makamaka Jingdezhen, yomwe idakhala malo opangira tiyi wabuluu ndi woyera ku China. Chifukwa cha luso lapamwamba la buluu ndi loyera la tiyi la tiyi lopaka utoto, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zaku China zopenta zadothi, izi zitha kunenedwanso kuti ndi kupambana kwakukulu kwa utoto wa Yuan Dynasty. Pambuyo pa Mzera wa Yuan, kuwonjezera pa kupanga tiyi wabuluu ndi woyera ku Jingdezhen, panalinso ma seti ochepa a tiyi a buluu ndi oyera omwe amapangidwa ku Yuxi, Jianshui ku Yunnan, Jiangshan ndi malo ena ku Zhejiang, koma ngati anali mtundu wa glaze, khalidwe la tayala, zokongoletsera, luso lojambula zithunzi, iwo sakanatha kufananizidwa ndi nthawi ya buluu ya buluu ndi sezhen . Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen kupanga buluu ndi zoyera zadothi tiyi akanema, monga tiyi, makapu tiyi, nyali tiyi, mitundu yambiri ya mitundu, kwambiri woyengeka khalidwe, kaya mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, ornamentation, etc. ndi pamwamba pa dziko, kukhala ena kupanga buluu ndi woyera tiyi anapereka ng'anjo kutsanzira chinthu, Qing Dynasty, woyera tiyi anapereka mu nthawi ya buluu Kazheng Kazhe, Qing teas, ndi nthawi ya buluu yoyera Kazhe Kang za chitukuko chakale za ceramic, ndi kulowa pachimake cha mbiriyakale, izo zinaposa mafumu a m'mbuyomo, zomwe zimakhudza mibadwo yamtsogolo. Ziwiya zabuluu ndi zoyera zomwe zidawomberedwa munthawi ya Mzera wa Kangxi zimadziwika kuti "zabwino kwambiri za Qing Dynasty" m'mbiri.
